| Politics | - Allahabad District Vice President and the General Secretary of Yuva Janta (Janata Party's Youth Unit) from 1978 to 1979
- Elected member for the State Executive body of the Yuva Janta, Uttar Pradesh
- Fought and won from the Allahabad West Legislative Constituency, Uttar Pradesh in 1980
- Appointed as the General Secretary of Uttar Pradesh of the Yuva Janata
- Joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 1986
- Elected to the Lok Sabha from the Rampur seat of Uttar Pradesh
- National Vice President of the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (BJYM) from 1992 to 1997
- Elected member for the 12th Lok Sabha in 1998
- Appointed as the Minister of State (MoS) for the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting with an additional charge of the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs in 1998 by The Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government
- National Secretary of the BJP in the year 2000
- Elected Vice-Chairman, Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT), from 2001 to 2003
- Elected for the Rajya Sabha in 2002 and member in the Committee of Finance
- Chairman of the Air Charter Operations of Haj and Chairman of the Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) on the functioning of the Wakf Boards Member in 2004
- Member of several committees including the Haj Committee, Aligarh Muslim University, Committee on Defence, Committee on External Affairs
- Elected to the Rajya Sabha in July 2010
- Member of various committees namely the Committee on Defence, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, etc.
- Appointed as the Union Minister for the Ministry of Minority Affairs and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs on 9 November 2014
- Resigned as Minority Affairs Minister on 6 July 2022
- Became Minister of State for Minority Affairs and Parliamentary Affairs on 26 May 2014 in Narendra Modi ministry
- After resignation of Najma Heptulla on 12 July 2016, got independent charge of the Ministry of Minority Affairs
- Took oath as cabinet minister in Narendra Modi's cabinet on 30 May 2019 and continued with the Ministry of Minority Affairs
- Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh from 2010 to 2016 and from Jharkhand from 2016 to 2022
- Deputy Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha between 2021 and 2022
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